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Originally published on Mamavation: July 29, 2024
Many toasters and toaster ovens contain nonstick coatings made from toxic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on food contact surfaces. These toxic coatings have been known to leach hormone-disrupting chemicals onto the food.
So where are the best toaster ovens? You’ve trusted Mamavation to bring you topics like the safest cookware without PFAS, the safest blenders without BPA, and the best organic mattresses, now join us for the best toasters and toaster ovens with the safest food contact surfaces.
Disclosure: This post was medically reviewed by Sondra Strand, RN, BSN, PHN. This post also contains affiliate links. Please make sure to do your own research as brands and materials may change at any time without notice.
California’s laws on cookware and small kitchen appliances are forcing brands to disclose toxic chemicals as of January 1st, 2023, however, not all brands are in compliance with this new law yet. As they comply, these ranks may change if they disclose something they have not disclosed before.
Mamavation does its best to get information as accurate as possible, but there are many variables we have no control over such as brands changing products, customer service communicating inaccurate information, or having knowledge of materials not disclosed. We encourage you also to do your own homework and keep us updated on what you find.
How to Evaluate Toaster and Toaster Ovens
A toaster oven is a smart kitchen appliance that uses its heating properties to cook foods. Typically they are kitchen counter appliances. Some toaster ovens vary in size like extra-wide slots or have a varying toasting cycle. Some smart toasters have bells and whistles like a defrost setting, a cancel button, a special bagel setting, a timer, an interface with preferences, etc. It’s always nice to have a slide-out crumb tray.
All these features are great until you realize your perfect toaster oven may have PFAS “forever chemicals” on food contact surfaces. Toxic toasters contain chemical coatings that may expose your family over time when they break down and emit gases and fumes that may get into your food. We are looking for that happy place where you can find products that work well and also use nontoxic food contact surfaces.
Therefore, to determine the safest toaster and toaster oven, you want to find out the following from the brand that produces your toaster:
1. What your food touches — Materials for food contact surfaces. Are these coatings made from PFAS “forever chemicals,” coated ceramic, coated steel, aluminum, zinc coated, or are they just made from stainless steel? This answer will be the most important.
2. Inside walls — Materials for the interior of the toaster. Why the interior? Because some chemicals (like PFAS) can become airborne when heated and then become part of your meal.
3. Prop. 65 — Does the toaster or toaster oven have a Prop. 65 warning for purchase in California? If so, it’s good to know what the warning is about because if it’s about the cord or feet of the toaster, we are less concerned with that. However, if the warning has something to do with the food contact surfaces or anything else, you want to avoid that product.
Types of Toasters
Mamavation found three basic types of toasters that you can purchase. They range in size, pricing, and what can be cooked inside.
- Toaster — Can handle slices of toast, a bagel, pastries, thick bagels, English muffins, or waffles. Mostly four-slice models. Most brands have a removable crumb tray.
- Toaster ovens — These models are larger and can accommodate bigger and more complicated food items such as frozen pizza, french fries, cookies, and sometimes air-frying whole chickens.
- Convection ovens — Convection oven work by using convection fans to circulate hot air around the oven helping food cook faster and more evenly. It also makes what you are cooking very crispy just like an air fryer. You can cook roast vegetables, casseroles, cookies, pie, or anything else you are toasting or dehydrating.
Types of Food Contact Surfaces
The most important piece of information about the toaster is what the food contact surfaces are made of because those surfaces can degrade over time and leach chemicals into your food. Not all food contact surfaces are created equal. Some are very toxic when they leach, while others are more inert. Here’s a breakdown of what can happen if your racks, basket, baking pan, sheet pan, or broil rack contain a coating that breaks down over time based on the coatings.
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Teflon PFAS coatings i.e., a type of “PTFE” food contact surfaces — PFAS “forever chemicals” are per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances used as stain-resistant, water-resistant, and oil-resistant chemicals in commerce. They have been used for decades inside consumer products, manufacturing, and building materials and are ubiquitous, toxic, and persistent. It’s important to avoid them as much as possible because they build up in your body over time and are linked to the following health concerns:
Mamavation has commissioned several PFAS consumer studies since to help you navigate the grocery store. They are listed at the bottom of this post. |
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Aluminum food contact surfaces — Studies have demonstrated that aluminum is toxic to humans and linked to serious health conditions. But how much exposure is really bad? We went to the Food Packaging Forum for answers on how much contact with aluminum was problematic for adults and children. According to the Food Packaging Forum, The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has set a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) for aluminum at 1 mg/kg body weight for all groups of people, including pregnant women and children. However, this amount is achieved very easily in real life situations. One study on aluminum in humans looked at the migration of aluminum from drinking bottles and found that drinking from an aluminum bottle may reach 86.6% of the total weekly intake (TWI) for aluminum for adults. For a child weighing 15 kg, they would be getting 145% of their total weekly intake (TWI) of aluminum by drinking from those containers. Another study evaluated the migration of aluminum from grill pans and other oven and grill utensils, which is more relevant to us here. They observed the transfer limit of 5 mg/L for aluminum grill pans, however, when citric acid was increased, the migration of aluminum dramatically increased reaching 638 mg/L. Heating for 160 °C for 2 hours resulted in an additional increase 2 to 3 times that amount. For example, a lemon juice containing marinade on chicken could increase that daily weekly intake (DWI) up to 63.8% in an adult and 298% for a child weighing 15 kg. This is over the limit for children very easily. |
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“Nonstick” ceramic food contact surfaces — Now that we know PFAS chemicals are so problematic, lots of brands switched to “nonstick” nano-ceramic coatings. These products are often referred to as “nontoxic” and a safer alternative to PTFE or PFOA coatings, but the truth is several studies have pointed to this type of coating as not so safe. Nanoparticles also have the potential to inflict great damage because they can translocate to many parts of the body once inside including the brain, heart, lungs, and other organs, and can be easily ingested, inhaled, and absorbed through the skin because of their tiny size. The scientific peer-reviewed journal Food Additives and Contaminants: Part A reported on the discovery of titanium dioxide nanoparticles leaching from quasi-ceramic nonstick coatings into food via low and high-stress testing and degradation of the coating itself which consists of a silicone polymer matrix with embedded micro and nanosized titanium dioxide particles and quartz silicium dioxide. It was found that thermal degradation (cooking up to 350 degrees F) had a negligible effect on nanoparticle release, but mechanical degradation studies showed that when the surface begins to scratch and wear and become damaged during normal use, the release of titanium-containing nanoparticles becomes significant. Chronic oral exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles can result in immune disruption and pre-cancer lesions in the gut, however, such little is known about nanoparticles as a whole, we certainly don’t understand the extent to which they can and do negatively affect the body. |
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Zinc-coated food contact surfaces — Lead and zinc are commonly found together inside the Earth and therefore it’s not uncommon for zinc to be contaminated with high levels of lead. Therefore, it’s not a good idea to have zinc-coated food contact surfaces, but having them as part of the interior of the toaster may be more inert provided they are not touching your food. There are also some issues with being exposed to too much zinc. |
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Stainless steel food contact surfaces — This is the most inert food contact surface you can find for toasters and toaster ovens. This is especially true when the stainless steel has no coatings whatsoever and is just plain stainless steel. |
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“Coated” steel food contact surfaces — The question is, coated with what? Not all brands are giving you that information and being forthcoming about their coatings. And at this point, why? They’ve gone through the trouble of sourcing more expensive stainless steel, why put a mystery coating on it? When we saw this, we moved this product to “better” because we were no longer sure about its safety. Transparency was key. |
Prop. 65 Warnings in Box with My Toaster Oven
Did you open up a box the other day and receive a California Prop. 65 warning and are wondering why? First of all, finding one of these inside any small kitchen appliance coming to your door is not the end of the world. It may not even be a worrisome exposure. It all depends on what it’s referring to, but sadly, the answer to that question may take some leg work to find out.
California Proposition 65 is a tool to help Californians make educated decisions about the products they purchase and whether any of the chemicals present are linked to cancer, birth defects, or reproductive harm. Products sold in California must display a warning sign if they contain any chemicals found on their naughty list above recommended amounts.
However, the warning signs become confusing to consumers when brands misuse the purpose of the law. In fact, when you see warnings, it’s more common for brands to misuse the law than follow to the letter. Here’s what I mean:
1. Generic warnings with no real issues — Some brands use Prop. 65 warnings as general warnings and aren’t actually sure if they really need to be there. Why? Because California has left it up to the private industry to do the enforcement of Prop. 65 and that means there’s a cottage industry that sprouted up just to keep brands compliant.
The brands REALLY hate this because it means anyone can potentially send their products off to the lab to be evaluated and can bring a lawsuit to them if they are non-compliant. So some brands have just gotten into the habit of using the warning so they won’t get sued.
2. Warnings about low exposure issues — Another way this warning sign is not as useful is when the warning is about a chemical that has a low exposure to the consumer. This generic warning is used by many small kitchen appliance companies and most of the time, it’s based on bisphenol A in the cord or on something in the feet of the product.
Those parts of the machine are not really going to expose your family unless someone is putting that part in their mouth. You can, of course, contact the company and ask what specific chemical they are warning you about and where it’s located on the product and they are supposed to tell you if you live in California.
3. Warning with no details — The California Prop. 65 law changed recently and now companies are supposed to give more details with the warning and identify what chemical or chemicals the warning is about. Sometimes when there are more than one chemical, they can focus on one being mostly lead.
If this type of disclosure is not happening, that brand is out of compliance with the law. You will see this in lots of generic warnings and if you live in the State of California you can contact the Attorney General’s office to let them know, but this doesn’t work unless you live in California.
When Mamavation saw this warning on a toaster oven product, we tried to discover why it was there. If we were not able to establish what the warning was about, we marked this product down. But if we found the exposure was not concerning, we ignored it.
Mamavation’s Investigation on Toaster Ovens
• Not our favorite toasters and toaster ovens — These toasters and toaster ovens have nonstick coatings on food contact surfaces that are very likely to be made from a type of PFAS “forever chemical” like Teflon or PTFE.
We also put here any brand that monitors customer requests via purchase number and thus denies customer inquiries before purchase. Therefore, this list you’ll find brands with a lack of transparency and hormone-disrupting chemicals on food contact surfaces. We do not recommend you purchase from this list.
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Balmuda the Toaster |
Black+Decker 4-Slice Countertop Toaster Oven, Stainless Steel Silver TO1322SBD |
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Black+Decker 4-Slice Toaster Oven TO1313SBD |
Black+Decker 4-Slice Toaster TO1322SBD |
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Black+Decker 6-Slice Convection Countertop Toaster Oven |
Black+Decker 6-Slice Convection Toaster Oven |
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Black+Decker Extra-Wide 8-Slice Toaster Oven |
Breville the Toast Select™ Luxe Model: BTA735BTR1BUS1 |
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Breville Die-Cast 4-Slice Smart Toaster™ Model: BTA840XL |
Breville Bit More Toaster BTA730XL |
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Cosori CS130-AO Air Fryer Toaster Oven Combo |
Dualit 3 Slice Vario Classic Toaster |
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Dualit Architect 2-Slice Toaster |
Oster® Convection 4-Slice Toaster Oven, Matte Black, Convection Oven and Countertop Oven |
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Oster® 4-Slice Long-Slot Toaster, Stainless Steel |
Oster® 2-Slice Toaster with Advanced Toast Technology, Stainless Steel |
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Oster® 4-Slice Toaster with Bagel and Reheat Settings and Extra-Wide Slots Model No.: OTST-0221BK4S-GB21-MC2 |
Oster® 2-Slice Touchscreen Toaster Model No.: OTST-DGTSSS2S-GB21 |
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Wolf Elite Countertop Oven with Convection Item number: WGCO150S |
• Better toasters and toaster ovens — These toasters and toaster ovens are in the middle of the road. They do not have any PFAS “forever chemical” nonstick coatings on food contact surfaces, but they may have nonstick coatings in the interior somewhere or they may have a mysterious Prop. 65 warning that we cannot verify and evaluate.
In other words, the problematic chemical could just be the chord, but we aren’t sure. We also put here products with nonstick nano-based ceramic food contact surfaces or had an interior that was coated with zinc because zinc sometimes has high levels of lead.
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Black+Decker 2-Slice Toaster, TR1278B |
Black+Decker 4-Slice Toaster, TR1478BD |
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Cosori CS100-AO Smart Air Fryer Toaster Oven |
Cuisinart Soho™ 2-Slice Toaster, CPT-7TR |
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Cuisinart 2-Slice Compact Plastic Toaster, CPT-122 |
Cuisinart 2-Slice Motorized Toaster, CPT-520 |
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Cuisinart 2-Slice Metal Classic Toaster, CPT-160P1 |
Dash SmartStore™ 2-Slice Toaster |
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Dash Easy Toaster |
GE 2-Slice Toaster Model No.: G9TMA2SSPSS |
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Gourmia GDT2445 — Multi-Function Digital Toaster |
Hamilton Beach Compact 2-Slice Toaster Model: 22998 |
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Hamilton Beach Brushed Stainless Steel 4-Slice Toaster Model: 24910G |
Hamilton Beach 4-Slice Metal Toaster with Extra-Wide Slots 24633G |
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Hamilton Beach 2-Slice Extra Wide Slot Toaster 22633 |
Hamilton Beach 2-Slice Toaster with Extra-Wide Slots 22796 |
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Hamilton Beach 4-Slice Toaster with Long-Slots, Sure-Toast Technology 24820 |
Ninja Foodi 2-in-1 Flip Compact Toaster Oven ST101 |
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Ninja Foodi Combo Air Fryer Toaster |
Wolf 2-Slice Toaster Item Number: WGTR152S |
• Best toaster and toaster ovens without PFAS — These toasters and toaster ovens do not have any PFAS or nano-ceramic nonstick coatings on their food contact surfaces or PFAS anywhere in the interior.
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Bella Classics 2-Slice Toaster |
Black+Decker Rapid Toast Toaster TR3500SD |
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Café™ Express Finish Toaster |
Cuisinart Long Slot Toaster CPT-2500 |
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KitchenAid 4-Slice Toaster with Manual High-Lift Lever Model: KMT4115CU |
KitchenAid 2-Slice Toaster Model: KMT2109PL |
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Toshiba AC25CEW-BS Digital Convection Oven Black Stainless Steel |
◦ Best air fryers with some issues you may be able to solve — Many air fryers can also double as toasters, so we’ve included this section for you. Not a single brand of air fryers is free from ALL the issues. But these are the ones where you can solve your problems by purchasing additional accessories. None of the air fryers below will have PTFE (aka Teflon) inside the unit where it can leach into the air and get into your food.
However, some things may have a PTFE coating and those we will recommend you swapping out. Some brands also disclose BPA or phthalates in the chord and we do not believe that is a problem provided you don’t chew on the chord or allow a child to chew on the chord.
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Brava Experience Oven Air Fryer Starter Set — (Brand discloses silicone “nonstick” on food contact surfaces. These surfaces are safer than PTFE or nano-ceramic, but not perfect.) |
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Breville the Smart Oven Air Fryer BOV860 Oven — (Chemical disclosure) (Avoid the pizza pans because they have PTFE nonstick coating.) |
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Breville the Smart Oven® Air Fryer Pro — Model: BOV900BSSUSC (Food contact surfaces have “nonstick” silica coatings, which are safer than PTFE or nano-ceramic, but not perfect. Completely avoid the pizza pans because they have a PTFE nonstick coating.) (Chemical disclosure) |
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Breville the Smart Oven Pro BOV845 — (Chemical disclosure) (Food contact surfaces have “nonstick” silica coatings, which are safer than PTFE or nano-ceramic, but not perfect. Completely avoid the pizza pans because they have a PTFE nonstick coating.) |
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Breville the Smart Oven BOV800 — (Chemical disclosure) (Food contact surfaces have “nonstick” silica coatings, which are safer than PTFE or nano-ceramic, but not perfect. Completely avoid the pizza pans because they have a PTFE nonstick coating.) |
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Breville the Smart Convection Oven BOV670 — (Chemical disclosure) (Food contact surfaces have “nonstick” silica coatings, which are safer than PTFE or nano-ceramic, but not perfect. No PTFE on any other accessories.) |
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Breville Compact Smart Oven BOV650 Oven — (Chemical disclosure) (Brand discloses nonstick silica coatings on food contact surfaces. These surfaces are safer than PTFE or nano-ceramic, but not perfect. However, avoid the pizza pans because they have PTFE coatings.) |
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Breville Mini Smart Oven BOV450 — (Chemical disclosure) (Brand discloses nonstick silica coatings on food contact surfaces. These surfaces are safer than PTFE or nano-ceramic, but not perfect. However, avoid the pizza pans because they have PTFE coatings.) |
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Cafe Couture Oven with Air Fry (C9OAAAS4RW3) — (Enameled porcelain baking tray with Prop. 65 warning so we recommend you replace the baking tray. The crumb tray is made from aluminum so please don’t use the crumb tray as a food contact surface.) |
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Emeril Lagasse Dual-Zone 360 Air Fryer Oven — (Chemical disclosure) (Prop. 65 disclosure of BPA and phthalates in chord. The accessories of the unit are not disclosed in the main chemical disclosure but we found out details: chrome-coated iron wire, aluminum-plated steel, zinc-plated steel, and die-cast aluminum. We recommend using the alternative accessories we mentioned below.) |
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Emeril Lagasse Power Grill 360 — (Chemical disclosure) (Prop. 65 disclosure of BPA in chord. The accessories of the unit are not disclosed in the main chemical disclosure but we found out the details: chrome-coated iron wire, aluminum-plated steel, zinc-plated steel, and die-casty aluminum. We recommend using the alternative accessories we mentioned below.) |
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Fritaire Glass Bowl Air Fryer — (All food contact surfaces are uncoated stainless steel except for the rotisserie accessories, which are made from aluminum.) |
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GE Digital Air Fryer Toaster Oven — (Brand disclosed an aluminum coated sheet bake pan that can be replaced.) |
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Gourmia Toaster Oven Air Fryer Combo 24L Capacity GTF7460 — (Has an aluminum baking tray that needs to be swapped out.) |
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Gourmia GTF7520 Toast Oven Air Fryer — (Has aluminum baking tray that needs to be swapped out.) |
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Green Pan Elite Convection Air Fryer Oven — (Nonstick is not nano or PFAS … it’s silica-based. Replacing the grill pan with a stainless steel tray would be advantageous.) |
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HySapientia Air Fryer Oven Combo — (Swap out the baking tray with this stainless steel tray and you’ll be fine.) |
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Our Place Wonder Oven — (Food contact surface coating is potentially nano-based or silica-based, so the food contact baking pan will need to be replaced. This brand has given us conflicting disclosures in the past, so we recommend you swap out the food contact surfaces to be on the safe side.) (This product is a smaller size.) |
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PowerXL Classic Air Fryer 4QT or 7QT — (Use discount code “MamaFree” for free shipping) (Chemical disclosure) (BPA in chord. Aluminum disclosure inside an accessory, so we recommend you replace the baking tray with a stainless steel one.) |
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PowerXL SmartSynx Dual Door Oven — (Use discount code “MamaFree” for free shipping) (Chemical disclosure) (Phthalate disclosure in chord. However, we are unsure (based on the lack of direct answers from the company) if the food contact surface baking tray is also made from phthalates, so we encourage you to replace it just in case.) |
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PowerXL SmartSynx Duplex Oven — (Use discount code “MamaFree” for free shipping) (Chemical disclosure) (Phthalate disclosure in chord. However, we are unsure (based on the lack of direct answers from the company) if the food contact surface baking tray is also made from phthalates, so we encourage you to replace it just in case.) |
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PowerXL Luminex Light Fryer — (Use discount code “MamaFree” for free shipping) (Chemical disclosure) (BPA in the chord disclosure. However, we are unsure (based on the lack of direct answers from the company) if the food contact surface baking tray is also made from phthalates, so we encourage you to replace it just in case.) |
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PowerXL Vortex Pro Air Fryer — (Use discount code “MamaFree” for free shipping) (Chemical disclosure) (BPA in chord disclosure. However, we are unsure (based on the lack of direct answers from the company) if the food contact surface baking tray is also made from phthalates, so we encourage you to replace it just in case.) |
Baking pan replacements:
▪ Wildone Baking Pans — Comes in sizes 9, 10, 12, 16, 18 and 20 inch. Simply measure what size would fit inside your machine, and set it on top of the rack.
▪ P&P Chef Baking Pan — Comes in sizes 9×7, 10.5×8, 12.5×9.75, 16×12 and 17.3×13. Simply measure what size would fit inside your machine, and set it on top of the rack.
Air frying rack replacements:
▪ Wildone Baking Sheet and Rack — Great for air frying! Simply measure which size would fit inside of your machine and place it on top of the rack.
▪ P&P Chef Baking Sheet and Rack — Great for air frying! Simply measure which size would fit inside of your machine and place it on top of the rack.
Additional Mamavation Investigations to Help Your Family
Mamavation has been working hard to discover where to find PFAS “forever chemicals” inside food and other products we purchase and bring inside our homes. This is why we have decided to commission our own consumer studies on indications of PFAS in different consumer categories and share that information with you.
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Pasta and tomato sauces |
Nut butters (peanut butter, etc.) |
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Cooking oils (olive oil, almond oil, canola oil, etc.) |
Activewear (yoga pants) |
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Sports bras |
Green beauty makeup |
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Period underwear |
Toilet paper |
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Dental floss |
Ketchup |
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Parchment paper |
Bamboo flooring |
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Baby strollers |
We also have other nontoxic investigations on products for your children or the rest of your family. Here are some that we thought you may like.
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Best yoga mats |
Best organic mattresses |
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Best air purifiers |
Best cookware |
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Best plant-based milks |
Best water filters for PFAS filtration |
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Best collagen |
Best electrolyte replacement drinks, sports drinks and coconut water |
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Best infrared saunas |
Best bubble bath |
Click here for a complete list of product investigations.
About the Author
Leah Segedie is the President and Founder of Mamavation.com. Mamavation produces award-winning content and independent consumer studies examining the intersection of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and everyday products brought into American households. She’s been referred to by many as “the real FDA.”
Since 2008, Mamavation has been helping everyday moms navigate the grocery store by commissioning consumer studies on food, beverages, personal care products and other such products and thus democratizing science and testing for everyone.
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